Instagram - 1918 Words

Introduction to entrepreneurship Midterm assignment Kevin Systrom, founder and CEO of Instagram Introduction Kevin Systrom is an American entrepreneur most known as CEO and founder of Instagram, the most popular worldwide sharing application. This program has 85 million users and 4 billion photos were shared. So what makes it so special? It is a combination of passion for photography and weal to make it easy and available for everyone by just using your mobile. Kevin says â€Å"It’s one thing to share the photo but another for that photo to look gorgeous and be something you would like to keep forever.†(Systrom,2012) The reason why I decide to report Kevin Systrom is in my opinion he gives the best example how great idea can be†¦show more content†¦He contacted Mike Krieger, another Stanford graduate with a majored degree in symbolic system, and proposed to join Burbn as cofounder. Mike got interested in this offer. It was the first check in service that he actually liked, so he accepted the offer. Systrom was able to identify a gap in a market place; it was decided to create photo- only, mobile-based service. He says, â€Å"It was an opportunity to create a new type of service, a social network that wasn’t based on a computer but computer in your hands†(Systrom,2012) His creativity and ability to come up with not obvious decision were crucial for the company development. Once during his holidays in Mexico, his girlfriend told him she wanted her pictures to look as beautiful as pictures of their friend, who was a fan of photography and used different filters. It was a point where Kevin realized what Instagram was missing and spent the rest of the day working on this idea. Not long after first filter was added to program features and users loved. It helped to make even average mobile picture special. On the 6th of October 2010 Instagram became available in apple app, over the night it was downloaded by 25,000 users. With a help of Adam D’Angelo, whom he knew from flat party in Stanford they managed to get on Amazon com servers. In a meter of month 1 million users were using Instagram on regularShow MoreRelatedInstagram899 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is one of the most frequent causes of dementia (weak-mindedness) at elderly and senile age. Dementia is characterized by the expressed decline of intellectual functions of the person with ability disorders of surrounding conditions and independent actions. The disease is called by the name of A. Alzheimer, who described this form of illness in 1906. In the absence of treatment the disease steadily progresses and leads to the destruction of all mental functions. The etiologiesRead MoreThe Innovative Instagram2641 Words   |  11 PagesProduct/Service/Technology Instagram is a program that designed for social networking and photo sharing, which was launched in 10th 2010. Till April 2012, there were over 30 million registered users on instagram (Galle, 2012). In early 2012, Facebook bought instagram for one billion dollars, which has made Instagram a hot topic. What’s more, famous B2C brands such as Starbucks and MTV dominant on Instagram currently, and 25% of the brands are posting photos on instagram at least once every week (GalleRead MoreInstagram : A Social Media894 Words   |  4 PagesInstagram is one of the largest and fastest growing social media sites in the world. According to techcrunch.com, â€Å"Instagram is growing the fastest of all social media sites worldwide, increasing its active user base by 23% in the last six months.† As you can see Instagram popularity is only rising. According to a study in Forbes, â€Å"The survey was given to 7,200 teenagers across 41 states that live in homes with an average income of $59,000. The participants were 47% female and 53% male. InstagramRead MoreNegative Effects Of Instagram1439 Words   |  6 Pagesplatform with recent growth and popularity, Instagram, reaches copi ous amounts people. Expectedly so, controversy has arisen from the decade of social media and this form in particular. Research has found Instagram to have the highest overall negative effect on mental health (Cramer Inkster, 2017). Through analyzing human psyche and critiquing data, this paper will seek to explain the negative mental health outcomes resulting from the use of Instagram. Literature Review Being so contemporary, socialRead MoreThesis Outline: Facebooks Takeover of Instagram726 Words   |  3 Pageshuge investment by one of the worlds most visible companies? (Thesis) The company able to command such a massive investment is Instagram, the latest in a string of proposed or completed technology acquisitions. (Motivate Audience) Instagram is important because of the functionality it provides as well as for its reach- millions of users have signed up for Instagram since its inception, and millions more continue to do so. (Credibility) Dont worry that the ins and outs of businesses, particularlyRead MoreUsing Instagram : Motives For Its Use And Relationship1272 Words   |  6 Pages41. Sheldon, P., Bryant, K. (2016). Instagram: Motives for its use and relationship to narcissism and contextual age. Computers in Human Behavior, 58, 89-97. Globally speaking, Instagram is currently the fastest growing social network site. However, the researchers observe little academic research studying who and why people use it. The researchers are interested in the motivations of using Instagram and its relationship towards contextual age and narcissism. The study uses a survey distributedRead MoreA Photograph On Instagram, And The Scourge Of The Selfie1291 Words   |  6 Pagestechnological advances cross a line? With social media ranging from Facebook and Twitter to Instagram and Tumblr, do these media sites promote egotistical behavior? In January of 2013, John Paul Titlow discusses some of the disadvantages and advantages that Instagram has in his essay: â€Å"#Me: Instagram Narcissism and the Scourge of the Selfie† that was posted on a website called ReadWrite. Although Instagram was primarily created to simply share pictures, it has evolved to do much more than that. SomeRead MoreAnalysis Of Instagram s Business Model12 85 Words   |  6 Pages†¢ Supplier Power: Providers of storage, software, technology, data center and office equipment, servers etc. are suppliers for Instagram.   Their bargaining power is evaluated to be low as Instagram is a large scale customer application holding significant buying power.   Also, there are large number of companies offering services like storage and servers, thus, Instagram can easily switch from one company to another. However, there are only a few reputed suppliers for a large range of hardware andRead MoreInstagram : The Pros And Cons Of Social Media1214 Words   |  5 PagesSocial media such as Instagram has made life more simple and keeps people in touch even though they are thousands of miles away from each other. Even though social media has pros, it also has cons. It can cause mental health problems such as, depression and anxiety. With that being said, Instagram depicts a life that is impossible to keep up with. It shows photoshopped pictures of paid models with slim bodies, weight loss pi lls and supplements that is supposedly healthy for you, pictures of peopleRead MoreInstagram: Is It Just a Trend or in It for the Long Haul?853 Words   |  3 Pages Instagram: is it just a trend or in it for the long haul? Social trends are extremely addictive among today’s society. Not only does most of the population follow them, but everybody knows about them. Joining social media websites is one of the biggest social trends of today’s society. Not only does most of the Earth’s population join them, but they are active on these websites. One of the most popular of the social media websites is the website Instagram, the photo and video sharing site that

My Career My Professional Career - 1516 Words

I was finishing high school and I had two options at hands to focus my professional career: a double degree in Law and business, or something creative and also related to business, but more specific. I joined a degree in food and beverage management to go further in my passion for food and at the same time develop my interest in the business and management area. I chose creativity, but I always felt that I wanted more. For example, when I heard my friends discussing and arguing about why the demand of houses was so high that the price would never fall again, I wanted to join that discussions and be in those classes too; But in my mind I had other type of questions that I also felt curious about: Why garlic comes first instead of onions?†¦show more content†¦As years passed at the university I found myself trying to get responsibilities in duties that were not appropriate for a student. The food processes and the kitchen procedures showed me the power of imagination and th e need of hard work to become successful in what you do, but I needed to go further in the skills that I was not that proficient. During my internship in Relais Chateaux Mas de Torrent one of the managers of the hotel left the company and despite I knew it was not a duty to an intern I immediately applied for the position. For me it was like a little victory I become the manager of the hotel bar and during that tenure, I had the opportunity to develop my own ideas and manage a little department of the hotel. That experience taught me that if you want something you have to believe in yourself and go for it. No one is going to give you anything for free. The opportunity is not going to chase you. During the last year of school, I had a deep crisis thinking that maybe I did not choose well what I wanted to do. I had the ambition of something bigger and I decide to apply to the business school and do both degrees at the same time. I made an appointment with the dean of my university and I explained him what was going on in my head. He helped me and told me that the president of the main shareholder of my university was searching an assistant for one year and that he had proposed me for the

Why Significant Changes Were Made to the Plot Free Essays

Why Significant Changes Were Made to the Plot in The Big Sleep Movie After reading the novel â€Å"The Big Sleep† by Raymond Chandler, then watching the 1946 movie version starring Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, I found myself asking why are there so many changes to the plot in this movie as compared to the novel. Many significant pieces of the plot were drastically different and there were even certain scenes that had been made up for the movie that were never in the book. After doing some research I was able to come up with many reasons for these significant changes. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Significant Changes Were Made to the Plot or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of the main reasons for there being significant changes is the Hays Code which was a code of rules that all movies were to follow, as well as the chemistry that Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall had together. Many of the changes in the movie version of â€Å"The Big Sleep† can be credited to the Hays Code. The Hays Code was a set of rules that movies were to follow. Will H. Hays was not the creator of this code however he was the first person to be in charge of enforcing it therefore his name became attached to it (TV Tropes). Some smaller changes the Hays Code affected are the dealings that go on at Geiger’s Book Store as well as Geiger’s love interest. In the novel we are told that the book store is actually a front for a pornography store. We are also told in the novel that Arthur Geiger is gay and has a male partner. In the Hays Code it is stated that â€Å"The sanctity of the institution of marriage and the home shall be upheld. Pictures shall not infer that low forms of sex relationship are the accepted or common thing. (Arts Reformation). Given this the writers of the screenplay were forced to leave out the fact that the book store was actually a front for a pornographic store. As for the fact that Arthur Geiger was gay and had a male partner, it is stated in the Hays Code that â€Å"Sex perversion or any inference to it is forbidden. † (Arts Reformation). Although a homosexual couple is more widely accepted nowadays, back in the time of the Hays Code it was considered perverse (TV Tropes) and had to be taken out of the movie. Two more significant changes that were made to the plot were both of the scenes where Carmen Sternwood was found naked. In the novel when Marlowe goes to Geiger’s house he finds Carmen naked in a chair and drugged up. In the movie she has only been drugged, her clothes remain on. The other time that Carmen Sternwood was found naked in the novel was when she was waiting for Marlowe to come home and she was naked in his bed. In the film she is simply sitting in his room waiting for him fully clothed. Both of these changes can be attributed to the Hays Code. A rule in the Hays Code states â€Å"Complete nudity is never permitted. This includes nudity in fact or in silhouette, or any lecherous or licentious notice thereof by other characters in the picture. † (Arts Reformation). Since the filmmakers were not allowed to show nudity they were forced to change the plot which also lead to the photos of Carmen Sternwood that were used to blackmail her not being nude photos of her. A huge change that is made to the plot of the story is how the movie ends. In the book the climactic scene is where Marlowe is being held at gunpoint by Carmen Sternwood. This is also where Marlowe realizes that Carmen was the murderer. A rule about crime in Hays Code states â€Å"Crimes against the law: These shall never be presented in such a way as to throw sympathy with the crime as against law and justice or to inspire others with a desire for imitation. † (Arts Reformation). If Carmen Sternwood had been the murderer then this would have made Marlowe’s love interest, Vivian Rutledge, an accessory to murder (Wikipedia). If Vivian were an accessory to murder she would be committing a crime but the audience may feel sympathy for her since she is in love with the main character. Because of this the writers of the screenplay had to change this. By changing the ending of the movie to having Eddie Mars be killed the writers also solve another conflict with the Hays Code. In the novel Eddie Mars does not actually kill anyone however he was the one who made the murders happen so he was in fact a very bad man who had committed serious crimes. At the end of the novel Eddie Mars does not come to justice for his crimes. Since the Hays Codes doesn’t allow crime to be presented in a way that it will inspire others with a desire for imitation (Arts Reformation), Eddie Mars had to be brought to justice. If people had seen the movie and saw that Eddie Mars had been a murderer and gotten away with it, it could inspire them to imitate him. This is why the writers had to change what happens to Eddie Mars. A very significant change made to the plot, which is more of an addition to the plot than anything is the fact that Marlowe and Vivian Rutledge have a love interest. In the film Marlowe lets the reader know many times that he is not fond of women. Because of this love interest many scenes were added to the film in which Marlowe and Vivian have conversations of the sexual nature. Before â€Å"The Big Sleep† movie was made both Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall had starred in a movie called â€Å"To Have and Have Not†. This film had a great success with their scenes together and this made the filmmakers want to add more scenes between the two (William Ahearn). When it comes down to it, making Marlowe and Bacall have a relationship is just adding a Hollywood perspective on a novel. Many changes were made to the plot in â€Å"The Big Sleep† film. But none of them were made without reason. The Hays Code limited filmmakers to what they could put into movies and changes were made so that the film would be more appealing to the general public. Works Cited – Ahearn, William. â€Å"The Big Sleep (1946)† 2008. November 2012. http://www. williamahearn. com/bs1945. html – â€Å"The Motion Picture Production Code of 1930 (Hays Code)†. Arts Reformation. April 2006. November 2012. http://www. artsreformation. com/a001/hays-code. html – â€Å"The Big Sleep (1946 Film)†. Wikipedia. November 15 2012. November 23 2012. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/The_Big_Sleep_(1946_film)#Cast -â€Å"Hays Code†. TV Tropes. November 2012. http://tvtropes. org/pmwiki/pmwiki. php/Main/HaysCode How to cite Why Significant Changes Were Made to the Plot, Essay examples

Journal Productivity Performance Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Productivity Performance Management? Answer: Introduction Organisational behaviour is widely explored research topic, which deals with the human behavior within an organizational setting. According to Dusterhoff, Cunningham and MacGregor (2014), one of the major focuses of organizational behavior is to revitalize the organizational theory and establish the better understanding of the organisational functionalities. It is observed that the organizations face diverse issues while keeping pace with the frequent advancements in the business markets (Van Quaquebeke et al. 2013). The employees performance is highly influenced if the organisational behaviour is appropriately maintained. The essay is particularly focusing on the impact of the effective and improved organization behavior that stimulates the employee performance level for ensuring productive outcome. The managerial intervention would also be discussed in this paper. Discussion The organisational behaviour is observable in the basic attributes of the individuals working within a workplace. Dalal et al. (2015) implied that it is essential for the employees to receive the suitable working culture, enough motivational factors, and the supportive attitudes within the workplace to ensure the better performance quality. The managers play the most significant role in such context. They need to recognize the basic demands of the employees, such as motivation, rewards and recognition, financial and non-financial benefits, and maintenance of the work-life balance (Van Quaquebeke et al. 2013). Apart from these aspects, the organizations even need to ensure the appropriate job design that can motivate the employees in a significant way (Fu and Deshpande 2014). The job design is conceptualized as the method of putting various elements together to structure a complete job. Every individual has the different perceptive values while performing any functionality. Therefore, the job design is quite a significant aspect of generating motivation among the employees. Suitable working condition is also a concerned area for the employee motivation that develops an ethically maintained organisational behaviour. The current challenging and competitive era of business is highly influenced by the innovative business functions. Such dynamic work functions create the sense of satisfaction among the employees that direct them to improve the performance level (Kuvaas, Buch and Dysvik 2014). The suitable working condition is thus necessary to develop the productive performance level and ensure profitability. On the other hand, goal specification is also much necessary for the associated employees. When they have the clear ideas about the vision and objectives of the company, they can adjust their behaviour accordingly to accomplish the goals. The adequate goal setting thus creates the clear perception to perform their works. Similarly, the organization needs to recognize the contribution of the employees to make their presence worth for the company benefits . The rewards and recognition received from the organization generates the sense of motivation, which persuade the employees to develop the productive performance approach. The personality theory develops the fruitful insights related to the different personality traits of the associated employees within the workplace. Schnackenberg and Tomlinson, (2014) defined that the personality is conceptualized as the mixture of the qualities, beliefs, and characteristics of the people, which formulates an individuality different to others. People belong to Type A personality are more likely working with a larger amount of works, tight deadlines and long working hours. On the contrary, as explained by Shin and Konrad (2014), the people belong to Type B personality are more likely performing their tasks in a smarter way without providing much effort and completing it within the stipulated time. The difference between the people belong to these two types of personalities seek encouragement from the organization to develop the productive performance. Another aspect of the personality theory is based on the job performance. A good employee concentrates on several aspects, which identifies the performance ability. First component is conscientiousness, which acts as the measuring predictor of the performance suitability. The performance ability by justifying the valid conscience is measured through this method (Van Quaquebeke et al. 2013). The next component is emotional stability, which determines the situational impact on individuals to make any important decision (Van Quaquebeke et al. 2013). The individual can adjust their emotional stability as per the situation that would create the effects on their performance. Extraversion is another component that correlates with the positive performance traits in the field of sales. Finally, another component is agreeableness, which indicates the supportive traits of the individuals towards the decisions made by the organization. Apart from such personality traits, it is also essential to develop the sense of motivation among the employees that would create the productive impact on the performance level. Herzbergs Two-factor motivational theory justifies with the conceptual idea that motivates the employees to improve their work method and ensure better results. There are two major factors of the motivation in this theory, such as motivators, and hygiene factor (Ng, Feldman and Butts 2014). The hygiene factors are needed to be maintained for generating the sense of satisfaction. For example, the employees seek the basic benefits from the organization, like adequate salary and pay structure, interpersonal relationships, job security, company policies, supervisions, and appropriate working conditions (Shahin, Shabani Naftchali and Khazaei Pool 2014). Maintaining these aspects is quite necessary to develop a suitable atmosphere for the employees. Another factor is ensuring the motivation factors, which consists of responsibility, recognition, job satisfaction, achievements, and personal developments. The presence of this factor acts as the extra benefits that lead the employees towards performing in a better way. The managerial intervention on this context is essential for motivating the employees and develops the ethically maintained work culture the managers play the most important role in ensuring the productive performance of the employees. They provide the clear vision of the organisational goals and accordingly create the job environment with the necessary functionalities; they are responsible enough to allocate the suitable jobs to the employees that would not hamper their motivation level (Lamm, Tosti-Kharas and King 2015). Moreover, they encourage the people to develop the better outcome. The managers are also responsible to create a cultural, social and ethical scenario for the employees. The current developments in the technological and business scenario have given rise to the competitive scenario. The advanced and innovative competency level of the performance parameter is essential for each of the employees. In order to develop the productive performance level of the employees, t he managers need to provide the suitable training session to the employees to make them more competitive (Van Quaquebeke et al. 2013). The training session received from the managers is helpful enough for the employees to improve both their personal and professional attributes. Hence, the managerial intervention is quite beneficial for encouraging the employees to improve their productive performance level. Conclusion The study develops the ideas of the impact of suitable organizational behaviour for encouraging the productive performance of the employees. The information obtained from the theoretical background indicates that it is essential for the employees to receive the suitable working culture, enough motivational factors, and the supportive attitudes within the workplace to ensure the better performance quality. The managers play the most significant role in such context. They need to recognize the basic demands of the employees, such as motivation, rewards and recognition, financial and non-financial benefits, and maintenance of the work-life balance. The current developments in the technological and business scenario have given rise to the competitive scenario. The advanced and innovative competency level of the performance parameter is essential for each of the employees. The training session received from the managers is helpful enough for the employees to improve both their personal an d professional attributes. References Dalal, R.S., Meyer, R.D., Bradshaw, R.P., Green, J.P., Kelly, E.D. and Zhu, M., 2015. Personality Strength and Situational Influences on Behavior: A Conceptual Review and Research Agenda.Journal of Management,41(1), pp.261-287. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J.B. and MacGregor, J.N., 2014. The Effects of Performance Rating, LeaderMember Exchange, Perceived Utility, and Organizational Justice on Performance Appraisal Satisfaction: Applying a Moral Judgment Perspective.J Bus Ethics,119, pp.265-273. Fu, W. and Deshpande, S.P., 2014. The Impact of Caring Climate, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitment on Job Performance of Employees in a Chinas Insurance Company.J Bus Ethics,124, pp.339-349. Kuvaas, B., Buch, R. and Dysvik, A., 2014. Performance management: perceiving goals as invariable and implications for perceived job autonomy and work performance. Lamm, E., Tosti-Kharas, J. and King, C.E., 2015. Empowering employee sustainability: Perceived organizational support toward the environment.Journal of Business Ethics,128(1), pp.207-220. Ng, T.W., Feldman, D.C. and Butts, M.M., 2014. Psychological contract breaches and employee voice behaviour: The moderating effects of changes in social relationships.European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology,23(4), pp.537-553. Schnackenberg, A.K. and Tomlinson, E.C., 2014. Organizational Transparency: A New Perspective on Managing Trust in Organization-Stakeholder Relationships. Shahin, A., Shabani Naftchali, J. and Khazaei Pool, J., 2014. Developing a model for the influence of perceived organizational climate on organizational citizenship behaviour and organizational performance based on balanced score card.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management,63(3), pp.290-307. Shin, D. and Konrad, A.M., 2014. Causality Between High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance. Van Quaquebeke, N., Graf, M.M., Kerschreiter, R., Schuh, S.C. and van Dick, R., 2013. Ideal Values and Counter-ideal Values as Two Distinct Forces: Exploring a Gap in Organizational Value Research

Colorado River Pollution Essay Example

Colorado River Pollution Paper River supplies water to most of the southwestern United States and despite this fact, pollution levels are continually rising and in some cases above acceptable limits. The Colorado River supplies and runs through five states and during some parts of the year to the Mexican border. During the rivers journey various types of pollutants come into contact to with it degrading the water quality downstream. The river water benefits humans in multiple ways the first obvious answer is by drinking it. Farming and other agricultural uses demand 60% and sometimes as much as 90% of its water. Using polluted water for irrigation passes the contaminants into the crops and ultimately onto our dinner tables. Water is scarce in the southwestern United States and water is essential for human survival. The Colorado River is the primary reason why the southwest can sustain the massive population in the region. Without this lifeline? of freshwater, we must find another means of supplying water to millions. Desalinating the water from the Pacific Ocean is not yet cost effective enough to handle the demand although about 8% to 10% of the water applied to Southern California comes from desalination plants. Every year the government allocates more water from the Colorado River that is unrelated to human survival. According to an article in the San Diego Union Tribune Oil and natural-gas drilling in Colorado requires so much water that if its annual demand were satisfied all at once, it would be the equivalent of shutting off most of Southern Californians water for five days. (Hastener, 2008). During his term, President Bush authorized more drilling in Colorado than at any time since 1984. With these types of policies taking hold f the river one must ask the question, what is more important energy or life? We will write a custom essay sample on Colorado River Pollution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Colorado River Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Colorado River Pollution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The construction of the various dams along the Lower Colorado River system allowed small boomtowns to thrive along the banks of the now tamed river. Small towns and industrial facilities built close to river to take advantage of a good supply of water, and some used the rivers current to carry away pollutants. Of the many pollutants the river absorbs three are worth noting they are nitrates, percolate, and radioactive waste. Nitrates come from excessive human waste; this waste encounters the river wrought the ground when septic tanks become overloaded. Lake Haves, AZ, is the lake that supplies water for the California Aqueduct; moon tutoring wells routinely test for nitrates and other pollutants. High concentrations of nitrates in drinking water can decrease the oxygen carrying ability of hemoglobin. This intensity of this effect increases in babies; the common term is blue-baby syndrome. The nitrate levels found in the Lake Haves wells are four times higher the recommended EPA levels. Small town development cannot shoulder the blame for percolate pollution, as it is a chemical found in rocket fuel. However, lax industrial standards in a small budding town might be the cause for this pollution issue. A factory in Henderson, NV, in the suburbs of Alas Vegas, manufactures rocket fuel for the military. The company that operates the rocket fuel plant has already spent over 80 million dollars to reduce the amount of percolate flowing in Lake Mead. Despite these efforts approximately 400 pounds of percolate flows into the lake daily. The EPA or FDA has yet to identify acceptable levels of percolate, but the chemical has shown to cause thyroid and hormonal deficiencies. The next type of pollution is by far the most dangerous, radioactive Waste at any concentration is dangerous. In Mob, UT, along the Colorado River is a former uranium mill; 16 million tons of tailings from this mill have accumulated along the riverbanks. These tailings leach over 1 00,000 gallons of radioactive water into the river each day. According to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) water containing uranium is usually safe to drink but in elevated amounts can cause kidney defects and some types of cancer. In 2005, the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADAGE) formed he Clean Colorado River Alliance (The Alliance) under a recommendation from then Governor Janet Neapolitan. The Alliances first task was to develop recommendations for dealing with current water problems in the Colorado River. Next, address the water quality of the river for human sustainability now and into the future. Lastly develop an action plan for dealing with the pollution issues of the river; The Alliance delivered the final report to Governor Neapolitan in December 2005. The preliminary report outlined a partnership plan modeled after the Chesapeake Bay Program. Although major differences exist between the Colorado River cleanup project and the Chesapeake Bay reclaim project, the fundamental principles of a successful program are similar. The final report delivered to Governor Neapolitan is a detailed look into the major pollutants contained in the river system. The Alliance detail seven pollutants devoting a chapter to each one, including an action plan for dealing with the pollutant individually. The six pollutants covered are nutrients, metals, endocrine disrupting compounds, percolate, bacteria and pathogens, salinity/total solved solids, and sediments and suspended solids. The Alliances report gives a comprehensive action plan for reducing the amount of pollution in and river and improving overall water quality. The well- written report effectively follows the key lessons learned from the Chesapeake Bay Program. However, there is an overabundance of managing entities, too many hands in the pot extends deadlines effectively stalling any effort for actual physical cleanup. Eliminating certain entities from the mix would streamline the process of achieving a noticeable improvement in river water quality. Determining which entity to remove from the deciding process could be interesting the federal agencies carry more weight but the local agencies are at the frontline of the problem. The following sustained plan takes aim at Colorado River pollution from the source. Target main sources of pollution and develop strategies for elimination. Reduce the amount of water allocations for purposes not related to human survival. Increasing the amount of Water flowing through the river will decrease the concentrations of contaminants in the river. Lastly educate municipalities about the type of contaminants to look for and educate industrial facilities on how to dispose of polluting materials properly. Action Items Action Steps I Timeline I Target pollution at the source I Using the report from the Clean Colorado River Alliance to determine where the highest concentrations of pollution encounter the river. Eliminating the source will at least result in a substantial decrease in pollution. I Months 0-6 | Review Water Allocations I Identify and prioritize water allocations in order of human importance. Impose stop work penalties on industrial facilities that do not meet the predetermined incineration levels. I Months 6-14 Educational Educate the various state and local governments about what type of contaminants to look for and best practices for removing the pollution. Teach management of local water facilities how to interpret findings from well test reports. Educate industry professionals about how to dispose of hazardous or potentially hazardous materials that affect water quality properly. I Month 14-ongoing I The benefits of this plan are that it takes a proactive approach to pollution reduction. We know where pollutants come from but most other sustained Lana attempt to clean already polluted water. This plan targets pollution where it first encounters the river instead of attempting to deal with the aftermath. The amount of water the Colorado River can generate is limited; sending water to where it is needed the most is common sense. This plan proposes not monetary penalties but stop work penalties, when the economy is strong companies are able to pay fines for over pollution and continue degrading the downstream water quality. Eliminating fines leaves no other alternative but to change destructive work practices that pertain to the river. Education is the key for any issue, and this issue is no exception. Educating local water municipalities will ensure water quality standards set forth by the EPA are met consistently. This plan also contains numerous challenges, since this river flows though multiple states and affects numerous industries it undoubtedly meet resistance. Targeted polluters would have to change current business practices to eliminate pollution; often a substantial cost would be involved. Some companies simply do not have the capital for such change and risk going out of business. Water allocations are determined at the federal level wrought congress, so getting changes in allocations would take costly lobbying and extended legislation. However, one alternative could be to lobby the President to declare the river endangered. Although education is the key, everyone learns different and developing a curriculum that appeals to everyone is difficult and costly. Society has an obligation to itself to preserve life; with water, a necessity for life the decision to support any type of water sustained plan is eliminated. The people included in any American society all have the ability to use their voices for change. Elected officials in the federal government hear their voices that in turn develop new laws and regulations. To make any type of sustained plan a successful endeavor requires support from the federal government. The government either controls or at least heavily influences most of the affairs concerning the Colorado River. The fed can only introduce and put new laws into effect the local and state authorities must enforce the laws and regulations. Americanizes. Org named the Colorado River Americas most endangered river.

Sartre Essays - Philosophy, Existentialism, Culture, Free Essays

Sartre Essays - Philosophy, Existentialism, Culture, Free Essays Sartre Sartres essay on existentialism was relatively an easy reading mostly because of his frequent use of examples. His ideas on existentialism are in a way backed up and explained through his examples. Morality and the responsibility of maintaining morality through free will seem to be the predominant point Sarte wants us to understand. He explains the reasons through existentialism. There are basically two types of existentialism: Christian and atheistic. They both believe that existence precedes essence. Sarte believes in the atheistic approach and therefore believes in mans free will. Sarte states that man is nothing else but what he makes of himself. Man will be what he will have planned to be not what he will want to be. Man is able to do whatever he wants according to the free will approach. However, Sarte believes that man is responsible for far more than just himself. Mans responsibility encompasses all men. Ideally, I feel that this is a morally good concept. Suppose before we throw a piece of garbage out the car window we ask ourselves what it would be like if everybody threw garbage out the window. Then we decide not to because we would then live in a huge garbage dump. Im mostly in agreement with the ideas expressed by Sarte. Like Ponge saidman is the future of man. We all should be more aware of our broader responsibilities, not just our individual ones. If we do that then this world would be a much better place to live in. Quietism is a concept I do not agree with. Sartes emphasis on action is a good one. I do believe that nothing ventured is nothing gained.

Caricoo Cuchifrito Caribean Restaurant Assignment

Caricoo Cuchifrito Caribean Restaurant - Assignment Example Having good and quality food in a restaurant is a very essential thing while opening a restaurant. Only good food does not make the business flourish. The attitude of the waiters, management, ambiance, promotions, discounts etc all add into the food businesses nowadays. The effective promotion of the restaurant and change in the attitude of the staff is aimed in this project. Cost, time, scope and quality all play vital role in running the business successfully.The project would be divided and sub divided into different categories which will be discussed later on. It is an individual project. Management requires skills and better understanding of the organization or project’s requirements. It cannot be done unless and until the manager knows how to deal with different people and situations at different times. Successful leadership plays a vital role in the completion of the project. An effective leadership holds on the project and ensures the work is done on time. It deals with a lot of category of people including the staff, the contractors, and the customers and so on. One needs to be clever and should be ready to accept any critique and should be able to face any challenges or changed situation that occurs. The organizational format for the project under consideration is ‘Pure Project’. Performance and team dynamics like personality traits, fluency in a certain technology, organizational culture etc. has a huge impact on the production of deliverables and meeting customers’ expectations. ... Management requires skills and better understanding of the organization or project’s requirements. It cannot be done unless and until the manager knows how to deal with different people and situations at different times. Successful leadership plays a vital role in the completion of the project. An effective leadership holds on the project and ensures the work is done on time. It deals with a lot of category of people including the staff, the contractors, and the customers and so on. One needs to be clever and should be ready to accept any critique and should be able to face any challenges or changed situation that occurs. The organizational format for the project under consideration is ‘Pure Project’. Performance and team dynamics like personality traits, fluency in a certain technology, organizational culture etc. has a huge impact on the production of deliverables and meeting customers’ expectations. 2. Due Week 3 Scope Statement 2.1 Project Scope Stateme nt: Businesses are set up to gain profit. Business has to run in profit and not in loss. Businessmen try to cut off the expenditure on a business so that more money is saved which adds to the total profit. Businessmen never run their business in loss. This project will be a boost to annual profit of the business by attracting more customers with the help of brand recognition, good management and promotion of the business through different ways and mediums. 2.1.1 The project name: The name of the project is â€Å"Caricoo Cuchifrito Caribean Restaurant†. 2.1.2 The project charter: Promotion of the restaurant â€Å"Caricoo Cuchifrito Caribean† is the main aim of the whole project. To achieve the target, certain policies and strategies have been prepared which wil be

Investigative journalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Investigative journalism - Assignment Example quake struck the Port-au-Prince in 2010 January along the Hispaniola Dominican Republic-Haiti border, the initial response brought the two nations together. For instance, the two nations worked together by developing emergency aids tools equipped with health professionals supported by the United Nations to control the condition. Nevertheless, neither Dominican majority citizens nor its government has shown mercy to the Haitian Immigrants in their midst through political, social and human rights (Maximay, P. 73). For instance, Jenny Moron, a Santo Domingo based legal coordinator for the movement of the Dominican-Haiti women rights concur with abuses, discrimination and social prejudice faced by the Haitian immigrants from the Dominican Republic citizens. Conversely, within the Southern Border that provides a link between the Dominican Pedernales town, and the Anse-a-Pitre Haitian city emerge as the source of conflicts that exists between the two nations. Along this region, it has been found that, there are a lot of crimes cases committed by the Dominican border guards to the Haitians immigrants. For example, there are stabbing cases and shooting of the Haitian motorists who tries to cross the border for social amenities and human needs (Maximay, P. 59). However, when the January 2010 earthquake struck the Haitian-Dominican border, the Dominican Republic responded ineffectively to opening of the border for free cross of Humanitarians’, food and medical supplies. For this reason, there was a lot of congestion of the Haitian immigrants at the cross-border resulting in the outbreak of communicable diseases such as Cholera, increased cases of death and loss of property (Meruane & Rosenberg, P 156). At this pathetic condition, the Dominican Republic ordered the border closure with justification of trying to control the spread of the communicable diseases. From a different scenario, thousand Haitian inhabitants that are dependent on the Dominican Pedernales markets for

Visual Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Visual Art - Essay Example The Egyptians were the earliest people to invent pictorial forms of expression (hieroglyphs). These hieroglyphs were helpful in translating the complex human expressions into symbols, which had a more defined meaning for each symbol. A suitable sequencing of such symbols, thus became the earliest form of communicable written language. The society progressed, and so did this language. The system of symbols gave birth to the system of letters (or alphabets), and a combination of such letters (words) gave rise to an increasing number of possibilities of expression. Later, with the integration of the societies, it became necessary to extend the reach of this written expression by making it portable. Initial forms of portable writings, such as clay or stone tablets, gave way to the easily portable papyrus texts. With the advent of inventions like the printing press, and the development of paper technology, the written word acquired a universal reach through books, newspapers and other med ia, and became a firmly established form of communication and expression. However, human perception and expression is neither bound by the written word, nor by logic. The flights of human mind continue to depend on imagery, and the interpretation of its innumerable shades. This is emphasized by the strong presence of visual depictions, such as sketches and paintings of portraits, ceremonies and other events like wars, alongside written text, since ages. As the paintings and sketches were usually commissioned works, they had an element of glorification of reality. During the later half of the nineteenth century, the essential fabric of the society was undergoing vast changes due to the innovations in the communication technology, and the resultant progress in industrial and economic activity. Therefore the invention of the photograph during the same period found an instant appeal with the masses. It could stir up emotions like never before, because of its visual projection of reality. Unlike sketches and paintings, it projected the society in all its manifestations, the good, the bad, and the ugly. It could create the same impact on the literate masses and the 'not so literate'. Since language was not a barrier, it had a universal reach. Gradually, it became possible to transmit the photographs all over the world, at comparatively lower costs, giving it a universal appeal. Through the concept of photojournalism ushered in 1856, people got a feel of the real action, when they viewed pictures of war, grand ceremonies, accidents and other importa nt events from all over the world, sitting right in their homes. No amount of written matter could have produced the same impact on their psyche, as the visual one created by the photograph. Hence it would be apt to state that "Photographs may have placed greater importance on the visual over the written. A picture, after all, is worth a thousand words". Nevertheless, just as a masterpiece of painting still needs a title in words, the visual impact of a photograph, though superior, is greatly enhanced, if it is supported by written words. The spread of the Photograph and rise of consumerism: The nineteenth century saw a tremendous change in the lifestyles of people. The industrial and technological revolution spread to distant and remote places, facilitated by railways and other transport systems, so as to tap

The role of SMEs on economic development

The role of SMEs on economic development SMEs has an important role in the development of an economic of a country (both developing and developed countries). They bring lots of benefits like employment generation, exports, foreign currency, investment, income and wealth distribution. These benefits lead to an economics growth of a country and many countries has been encouraging the setting up of small and medium business. Organization like World Bank Group approved more than $ 1.5 billion to SME support program in 2002 as it is believed that SME play and contribute to future expansion of an economy. SMEs is one of the most important economic pillars in Mauritius. The main role of SMEs in Mauritius is to create jobs so as to reduce unemployment rate. Not to forget that in early 1980s, when there was economics recession in Mauritius result in big unemployment rate, it was specified that SMEs could create 10% of jobs. As this was proof of the importance of SMEs The Government of Mauritius have come and provide new facilities and help to these companies by making availability of finance at low interest rate and taxes lowered on export , machinery and parts also. A special organization has been found by the Government called SMEDA to assist the small and medium firm to grow and establish them self. Most of the SMEs generate fund internally or by taking loans. SMEs use a combination of long term sources of finance which is called capital structure. Financial instrument SMEs usually use; Micro Credit Government loans and grants Leasing Loans from financial firms Personal savings There are some internal and external factor that affect small, micro and medium firm , namely: Competition from bigger firm. Financial resource constraint. Access to research and development tool. Assistance for new ideas and creativity. Liability issues. Fluctuation in the economy. Difficult to obtain significant market share. Government law and policy. Narain, 2004: SMEs are born out of individual initiatives and skills, offer low cost product, production flexibility and can adopt new technology and innovate and export, have high employment orientation, utilize locally available human and material resources and reduce regional imbalances. SME distinction: Autonomous firm(either a proprietor, partnership or linked enterprise ) Partner firm( which does not cause problem in ownership and decision making) Linked firm ( has a small share in the firm and few authority) Micro firm Definition: Micro firms form part of small firm and are often unregistered. They usually single owner and have no employees and are generally young. Micro firm produce and distribute goods in unregulated but competitive markets. These firms are usually independent, largely family owned, employ low level of skills and use low and affordable technology and are highly labor intensive. Micro firm provide income and employment to a reasonable proportion of people in a country by producing goods and services for the population Small firm Definition: Small firm are usually a business that is privately owned (corporations, partnership or sole proprietor) and have a low volume of sales. One of the most used definition of small firms: one with a relatively small share of market, one that is managed by its owners in a personalized and independent way, i.e. free from outside control in decision making. [ Stanworth (1991)]. These small firms are not usually dominant in the market and are not a big threat to large and quoted firms Medium firm Definition: Medium firm are normally engaged in industrial and more complex activities that small and micro firms and are registered companies. They usually import and export goods. Small, Micro and Medium firm can begin or commerce activities on a low budget and can be managed easily on a full time or part time basis. Decisions are take freely and there is no interference in the work done. Demarcate between Micro, Small and Medium firm. According to OECD, Small and Medium firm are usually defines according to the number of employee, capital, asset, sales volume and production ability to produce adequate goods. The differentiation criterion varies from country to country like the employment criterion which is usually used to demarcate hem, for example a country may limit medium employee to 300 when others may limit it to 200 employees. As per SMEDA Act, it definition include all Enterprise in the economic sector and they use turnover criterion to demarcate them. Medium firm are define separately from small firm as they have different needs and objective. They usually are more sophisticate firms and well technology averse while small firm are usually in a developmental state. Normally there are three criteria to differentiate Micro, Small and Medium firms from each other: Staff headcount Annual turnover Annual Balance Sheet Comparing these 3 criteria allow you to determined the type of the firm, i.e. Micro, Small or Medium. Staff headcount. The number of employee is an important factor to determine in which category SME the firm falls. It include full time, part time and seasonal employee. The employees head count is expressed in annual work unit. Full time staff is count as 1unit whereas part time and seasonal worker are count as a fraction of 1 full time worker. Annual turnover and Balance sheet. The annual turnover is determined by calculating the income of the firm during its financial year after all debt has been paid. Turnover should not include VAT or any indirect taxes and the Balance sheet should refer to the value of the form main assets You are autonomous when no other people have participation in ur firm or you in other firm. Classification of SME: Mauritius Micro firm Small Firm Medium Turnover N.A Balance Sheet N.A Employees N.A 0-10 0-250 Europe Micro firm Small firm Medium Turnover Balance Sheet Employees 0-10 10-50 50-250 To qualify as an SME, both staff and ownership criteria must be satisfied, and either the turnover or the balance sheet criteria, i.e any of these two criteria must be meet in order to qualify.

Motivation, Communication and Leadership Theory Essay -- Business and

Motivation, Communication and Leadership Theory In this essay I will discuss the various different theories on motivation such as scientific management e.g. Taylor as well the humans relation approach such as Maslow and Herzberg and how they relate to organisations improving their overall effiencentcy. Another aspect that I will discuss in the following essay will also be how communication can affect the productivity of a company, I will also relate this to motivational theory. The final aspect of my essay that I will include is discussing how different leadership styles can affect the overall productivity of a given company. One motivation theory that some companies used to use was the scientific approach, this was put forward by Taylor. It was mainly used in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s. Taylor developed his theory while he was working his way up from labourer to works manager in an US steel mill. His theory states that man is a rational economic animal concerned with maximising his economic gain. He also stated that people respond as individuals not groups and he believed people could be treated in a standardised fashion like machines. The basic principle that is underlying this approach is if you study what happens when you the change different variables in a situation, this will tell you how best to organise the work force. This theory as mentioned before relies on the fact that human beings will act rationally and respond to the available incentives. The whole of Taylor’s theory is based on the fact that he believes human are solely motivated by money. I believe that this motivational theory is flawed to a certain degree because people do not just work for money they also work to socialise and many other factors like earning respect from fellow employees. Taylor’s theory is based on the fact that your pay should be linked to your output. This prospect does not appeal to all people as we are different in many ways, it may also lead to employees cutting corners to make it appear they have done more than they have. This is counter productive to increasing productivity because then the product is just of sub standard quality and most of the time quality is more important than quantity in business. Taylors theory was mainly used in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s this shows that his theory is out of date and ... ...utcome will be the positive one you want. I think that if this theory was used in conjunction with the previous two theories it could benefit some companies very well if they applied if correctly. It would lead to an increase in productivity even though this may only be in the short term, but with regular training courses and interactions with the people at the top of the company this increased level of productivity could be kept at the increased level with benefit to employer and employee. There are three main types of leadership one is an autocratic leader. This type of leader will take important decisions without consulting colleague’s who are lower down the hierarchy. This may in general decrease the productivity of employees lower than the leader and this in turn will lower the productivity on the company overall. The main reason for this is the fact that the employees lower down the hierarchy will not feel valued because there input is not required in decision making even though they will undoubtedly have valid points to put forward. This will lead to decreased productivity because they feel less valued because they are not at the level in the hierarchy.

An Epidemiology Of Two Diseases Health And Social Care Essay

Tuberculosis is an infective disease that is considered as one of the greatest slayer of all clip which is caused by bacteriums whose scientific name is Mycobacterium TB besides known as Koch ‘s B. Tuberculosis is characterized by the formation of tubercles on the lungs and other tissues of the organic structure. Harmonizing to the Health Protection Agency, TB normally causes disease in the lungs ( pneumonic ) , but can besides impact other parts of the organic structure ( extra-pulmonary ) . Merely the pneumonic signifier of TB disease is infective. Transmission occurs through coughing of infective droplets, and normally requires drawn-out close contact with an infective instance. Terbium is curable with a combination of specific antibiotics, but intervention must be continued for at least six months The Health Protection Agency is one of the bureaus that are involved in advancing the wellness of persons that are affected by the disease. The wellness protection bureau intends to advance the riddance of TB in England by the support of the National Health Services and the Department of Health by developing a BCG ( Bacillus Calmette-Guerin ) Immunisation Programme. The marks of this programme are the persons who are at great hazard of geting the disease such as babes and older peoples who are most likely easy affected by the disease. Lung malignant neoplastic disease is the most common malignant neoplastic disease in the universe but it is one of the most preventable types of malignant neoplastic disease. Nine out of 10 people who have lung malignant neoplastic disease are caused by smoking but some people who are non non-smokers are besides affected. Many people believed that lung malignant neoplastic disease can non be treated but it can merely by descrying its early marks such as relentless cough for two hebdomads, repeated chest infection, relentless thorax or shoulder strivings, weight loss, declining cough, and fatigue or loss of energy. On the study of BBC News Network UK, it says that West Scotland has the highest rate of people diagnosed with lung malignant neoplastic disease than those people populating in the remainder of United Kingdom because smoking rates are 5 % higher in Scotland than the remainder of the UK, said Professor David Forman of Leeds University. The National wellness services said that the most effectual manner of forestalling lung malignant neoplastic disease is to non smoke or if you have been smoking and have serious wellness conditions better quit smoking every bit early as possible. In order to understate the rate of lung malignant neoplastic disease in the state the National Health Services have come up with a programme called, Go Smoke Free Programme, this programme is intended to assist those people to discontinue smoke and it besides provides free group or one on one support from trained advisers, and entree to four hebdomads nicotine replacing therapy. It is besides suggested by the National Health Services that a diet rich in fruits and veggies and regular exercising can cut down the hazard of holding lung malignant neoplastic disease ( http: //www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Cancer-of-the-lung/Pages/Prevention.aspx ) .Epidemiology OF THE TWO DISEASES:TUBERCULOSIS EPIDEMIOLOGYFigure 1. Tuberculosis instance studies and rate s by age group and sex, UK, 2008hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hpa.org.uk/web/HPAweb & A ; HPAwebStandard/HPAweb_C/1225268898745 The figure shows the instances of TB by rate and age of male and female in the United Kingdom by the twelvemonth 2008. It is noticeable in the graph that between the ages zero to twenty nine the instances of TB is bit by bit increasing. It besides shows that from the ages runing from 0-4, 10-14, and 15-19 the figure of female instances are higher than the figure of male instances which indicates that these age groups are easy transmitted by TB but it shows that the lowest instance of TB is from the age of 90 and above because nowadays lifetime alterations and there are few who are able to last at this age. From ages between 30-89 old ages old the Numberss of male and female instances of TB were diminishing from about 680 instances down to 5 Numberss of instances. In footings of rate, the figure shows that the highest rates were in immature grownups and these rates shows that males are more prone to TB than females. Higher rates were besides seen in persons aged 75-90 old ages because that at this age their immune system is weaker than the younger aged that is why the disease can be easy transmitted.LUNG CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGYhypertext transfer protocol: //info.cancerresearchuk.org/cancerstats/types/lung/incidence/uk-lung-cancer-incidence-statistics The figure shows the Numberss of new instances and age specific incidence rate between male and female diagnosed with lung malignant neoplastic disease in the UK in the twelvemonth 2006. Lung malignant neoplastic disease is seldom diagnosed below 30 old ages of age. The figure shows that get downing from the age of 40 until the age of 70 nine the figure of instances between male and female diagnosed with lung malignant neoplastic disease are invariably increasing as the figure of rate in male and female per 100,000 population additions but at the age between 79-85 the figure of instances were diminishing from about 4,500 instances to 2,000 instances. It is besides noticed in the figure that the figure of instances and rate of people diagnosed with lung malignant neoplastic disease are higher in male than in female of all age groups.APPROACHES AND STRATEGIESTobacco is the individual largest preventable cause of malignant neoplastic disease in the universe today. It causes 80 %  œ 90 % of all lung malignant neoplastic disease deceases and about 30 % of all malignant neoplastic disease deceases in the development states. A comprehensive scheme including prohibitions on baccy merchandises, advertisement and sponsorship, increased revenue enhancement on baccy merchandises and surcease programmes can cut down baccy ingestion in many states. In Addition, In order to understate the rate of incidence of lung malignant neoplastic disease in the state it is besides of import that wellness professionals would inform the people in the community about the side consequence of smoking to the wellness and good being of single such as developing tummy ulcers, decreased circulation of blood flow to the appendages like the fingers and toes, the hazard of developing upper respiratory piece of land infections would be increased, and developing different sorts of malignant neoplastic diseases. Another important attack to command the incidence of increasing rate of malignant neoplastic disease more specifically lung malignant neoplastic disease is the alteration of diet. Low fat high fiber diet can assist cut down the hazard of developing certain sorts of malignant neoplastic disease. Regular exercising and care of normal organic structure weight along with a healthy diet will assist understate the happening of malignant neoplastic disease. National policies and programmes should besides be implemented to raise consciousness and cut down exposure to malignant neoplastic disease hazard factors that people are provided with the information and back up them in order to follow a healthy life style.INVESTIGATE CURRENT PRIORITIES AND APPROACHES TO THE PROVISION OF SERVICESSince smoke is one of the major causes of lung malignant neoplastic disease and it is evitable the National Health Services developed a programme called â€Å" Go Smoke Free † Programme, this programme he lps persons who are tobacco users to actuate themselves to discontinue smoke by supplying one to one or group support. The â€Å" Go Smoke Free † Programme identifies the benefits of non smoking and helps people in bettering their wellness like cut downing the hazard of certain unwellness, disablement or disease caused by malignant neoplastic disease, bosom disease, and lung diseases ( hypertext transfer protocol: //smokefree.nhs.uk/why-go-smokefree/quit-smoking-and-start-living/ ) .

Chinas Support for North Vietnam in the Vietnam War

Chinas Support for North Vietnam in the Vietnam War Introduction One of the major wars waged after the Second World War was the Vietnam War (1965-1968). The two major antagonists in this war were China which backed North Vietnam and the US which backed South Vietnam. This war was in actual sense a front from which an ideological war between China and America was waged.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Chinas Support for North Vietnam in the Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More China was keen on spreading communism while the US was equally keen on advancing capitalism or at least curbing the spread of communism. The then US president Lyndon Johnson adopted a policy favorable to South Vietnam. Therefore, the US extended its commitment to preserve the independence of South Vietnam from the communist threat that North Vietnam posed. On the other hand, there existed a close relationship between North Vietnam and China. Evidence of this is present in the ass urance from Chinese Leader Mao Zedong to the North Vietnamese that your business is my business; my business is your business, we together will unconditionally fight America† (Bradley 9). China therefore vowed to support the north to whatever extents were needed. This paper shall analyze the specific manners in which China supported Vietnam in the course of the Vietnam conflict. Reasons for Chinese Involvement and Support A major result of World War two was the emergence of two Super Powers, The USA and the Soviet Union, both of which favored different political ideologies. While the US favored capitalism, the Soviet Union was pro communism and aimed to spread this ideology to its spheres of influence. One of the biggest allies of the Soviet Union was China which advocated for an even more radical implementation of communism. China was committed to the idea of a communism which emphasized violent revolution and Vietnam presented a perfect ground from which China could propagat e its ideology. In addition to this, China was even more determined that Moscow to spread the communism ideology everywhere. Aiding North Vietnam presented an immediate means through which China could oppose the US and as such, undermine capitalism. Vietnam was the arena for Chinas support for wars of national liberation and china encouraged North Vietnam to take on an aggressive course in the fight to unify the north and the south. As of the time of the war, the capital city of South Vietnam was Saigon while that of the North was Hanoi. US defense of South Vietnam was an expression of greater commitment to battle against Communism in Southeast Asia. Another reason for the increased Chinese support of Vietnam was the deteriorating relationship between the Soviet Union and China. These Sino-Soviet tensions were brought about by ideological and political issues between the two communist states. This split between the Soviets and Chinese resulted in public criticism of each others poli cy and each party aimed to establish itself as the major communist power. For China, supporting Vietnam would reinforce its power and influence among the communist countries.Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More While it was possible to arrive at a political resolution of the Vietnam conflict, China firmly opposed any political settlement. This opposition was as a result of the realities from the First Indochina War which ended in 1954 with a decisive victory for Hanoi against the French. Following this victory, China and the Soviet Union had failed to support North Vietnam in their ambition to reunify Vietnam under communist rule. This lack of support had resulted in North Vietnam failing in its unification attempts and Hanoi viewed this as a betrayal by their Communist comrades. With this historical backdrop, China was keen to ensure that North Vietnam did not lose out aga in since a loss would destroy Hanois trust in China. Ways in which China Supported North Vietnam Even before the Vietnam War began, China had made it clear to the US that any military action against Hanoi would be considered as action against China and as such, China would give military support to North Vietnam. Actual Chinese support of North Vietnam began following the Gulf of Tonkin incident in which a US navy ship was engaged by North Vietnamese boats resulting in a sea battle. Following this incident, America undertook reprisal air strikes against North Vietnam. The air strike code-named Rolling Thunder commenced on March 2, 1965 and its aim was to pressure Hanoi and Beijing into stopping their aggression against Saigon. In response to this reprisal Beijing ordered Chinese air and naval units which were to the south of China to be ready for combat. In addition to this, a number of air divisions and anti-aircraft artillery divisions were deployed near the North Vietnam border. D inglie and Kongjun document that China sent some MIG-15 and MIG-17 jets to Hanoi to deter further U.S. escalation of the war(385). Weaponry plays a crucial role in all battle and the availability of surplus quality weapons often dictate which side emerges victorious. Under the terms of the 1954 Geneva Agreements, Hanoi was forbidden from increasing its military force. This meant that Hanoi had a limited supply of military forces and the international community was unwilling to supply Hanoi with military equipment. As a result of this, North Vietnam was ill equipped for battle against the American backed South which had superior weaponry. The Chinese helped to equal the battle ground by supplying the North with better weapons. China ignored the arms embargo imposed against Hanoi and continued to supply significant amount of arms to the Northern forces. Shaplen reveals that the basic weapons for the North were Chinese-manufactured 7.62 millimeter family which were better than the trad itional Vietnam guns (98).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Chinas Support for North Vietnam in the Vietnam War specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition to this, China stepped up its efforts to train North Vietnamese soldiers into a professional modern force that could engage in combat with western forces (Zhang). This Chinese military hardware support to Vietnam was critical to Hanoi which had suffered from international isolation in the years leading up to the war. Chinese support also included building of new infrastructure in North Vietnam to streamline the war efforts. China helped in the construction of roads in North Vietnam and an improvement of the railways. The roads serve as infiltration routes that helped to move Hanoi troops to the south in a bid to match the US escalation. The railway lines were improved so as to handle the increasing flow of Chinese supplies to North Vietnam. Also, China u ndertook efforts to reinforce Hanoi’s defenses. In anticipation of a US amphibious assault, China engaged in the construction of defensive works in the northeast islands and the coast between Haiphong and Hon Gai (Shang, 748). The Vietnam War was characterized by heavy bombardment of North Vietnam targets by American forces. This ever-widening pattern of bombing which aimed at weakening the North greatly damaged infrastructure and property. The North undertook projects to repair this extensive bomb damages. China assisted and as of 1965, Shaplen records that over 100,000 Chinese volunteers were involved in the repairing of bomb damages in North Vietnam (95). In late 1965, Chinese troops were engaged in repairing a 554 kilometer stretch of railroad that had been damaged by US air attacks. Zhang highlights the effectiveness of Chinese repair efforts by revealing that while the rail complex at Kep was bombed nearly 50 times and was severely damaged from each strike, it was alway s quickly repaired and in fact remained operational for the entire duration of the air war (755). In recognition of the aerial threat that US posed, China dispatched a fighter regiment which consisted of 36 MIGs to North Vietnam. These aircrafts were based a few miles outside the capital city of Hanoi and they were aimed at ensuring air defense in case of US invasion (Zhang 741). In addition to this, China also sent a number of air force engineers to help with the upgrading of airfields which were meant to be used by jet fighters. Vietnamese pilots were also trained to operate the war planes in to enable them to wade of US aerial attacks. Zhang notes that while the presence of these Chinese-made MIGs would not pose any threat to the superior American air power in Vietnam, the fighter planes meant that any US air raids would carry with them a real risk of retaliatory attacks from North Vietnamese air force (741).Advertising Looking for research paper on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Supply routes are a critical resource in any war since they are the bloodline of the war. In the Vietnam War, the supply routes used by the Northern forces were under continued attacks from American bombardment. The Chinese troops helped to maintain the vital supply route from China to Vietnam (Gilbert 85). Before 1965, most supplies to Hanoi were by sea route. These same routes could not be used during the war since the US Navy launched a number of sea operations that effectively closed off the sea route for Chinese shipments. Zhang documents that China build a special transport line that went to South Vietnam vie Cambodia for supplies to the Northern forces that were engaged in the region (749). When this route became inadequate due to the increased number of Northern forces in the South, China assisted Hanoi to improve the Ho Chi Minh Trail which traversed eastern Laos into South Vietnam (Rosenau). The American forces made use of their air force for a number of tasks including: r econnaissance, attacks and transporting military personnel. To get to North Vietnam, US warplanes at times intruded into Chinese air space through the Hainan Island. While the Chinese initially ignored this intrusion on their air space, they changed their stance as the war intensified and their support for Hanoi soared. As of April 1965, the Chinese military had requested for permission to engage US warplanes that flew over Chinas air space (Zhang 744). Once this permission was granted, Chinese units extensively engaged US warplanes that got into Chinas air space en route to North Vietnam. China asserted that these attacks on US warplanes were retaliatory action against an invasion of Chinas air space and hence were to be viewed as China protective herself. However, this was not entirely true since the US had in numerous occasions assured China that it had no intention of invading China. As a matter of fact, the warplanes took care not to hit any Chinese target and tried to steer of f Chinese air space. The attacks on US warplanes were therefore action in direct support of North Vietnam which China considered to be a Comrade. As US strikes against North Vietnam intensified, North Vietnamese leaders requested Beijing for a consignment of Chinese volunteer pilots and fighters in April 1965. Vietnams leader Le Duans stated that the presence of Chinese forces would not only assist in the defense of Hanoi from US air bombardment but it would also raise the morale of the Vietnamese people and therefore increase their likelihood of pushing on with their war efforts (Zhang 747). In response to this request, China mobilized some of its troops for deployment in Hanoi. Shang states that the first Chinese deployment to Hanoi consisted of three special division sized units that were designated as the Corps of the Chinese Rear Services (125). Chinese fighters served as a strategic reserve that was to be used in the event of an American led invasion by the South into Hanoi. T hese Chinese reserve forces were placed under the command of Hanoi greatly boasting the Northern military capacity. The deployment of Chinese troops had a number of positive implications for North Vietnam. To begin with, Chinese troops mitigated the escalation of the US war in Vietnam. In addition to this, Chinese forces took up the task of defending Hanoi and as such, Vietnamese troops were freed up to go to the South and engage in offensive action. Discussion and Conclusion Without a doubt, Chinese support to the North had huge implications on the War. To begin with, China’s support was unequivocal and even General Vinh who commanded the Northern Army acknowledge that China gives us wholehearted support (Shaplen 98). Duiker notes that the goal of North Vietnam in the war was not to defeat its enemy but rather to prevent the US from controlling South Vietnam (30). As of the 1960s, North Vietnam was one of the worlds poorest nations lacking a modern army and without an arms p lan, both of which were vital to the war effort. It is therefore inconceivable that Hanoi would have managed to achieve its objective without outside help. It was Chinas large scale infusion of aid that enabled North Vietnam to survive the war and indeed achieve its objectives. The huge support received by Vietnam from the Chinese was a direct attempt by China to stop the perceived spread of American imperialism and challenge the Soviets leadership of the International Communism movement. In addition to this, China was committed to the success of the war of national liberation that it encouraged Hanoi to engage in. This paper set out to highlight how China supported North Vietnam in the Vietnam War. To this end, this paper has discussed the specific means through which China demonstrated its support for North Vietnam. China made a promise that she would regard Vietnam’s problems as her own and was throughout the war the major ally for Hanoi. From the arguments presented in th is paper, it is clear that Chinese assistance was crucial to the success of North Vietnam in the war and it is inconceivable that Hanoi would have faired as well as it did without Chinese support. Bradley, Mark. Vietnam at war. Oxford University Press, 2009. Dinglie, Wang and Kongjun, Zhongguo. â€Å"Modern Chinese Air Force†. Social Science Publisher, 1989. Duiker, William. Waging Revolutionary War: The Evolution of Hanois Strategy in the South, 1959-1965. Werner and Luu. Gilbert, Marc. Why the North won the Vietnam War. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. Print. Rosenau, William. Special Operations Forces and Elusive Enemy Ground Targets. April. 2002. Web. https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_briefs/RB77/index1.html Shang, Like. Shedding Blood in Vietnam. Beijing: China Personal Press, 1993. Print. Shaplen, Robert. Vietnam: Crisis of Indecision. Foreign Affairs, 2004. Zhang, Xiaoming. â€Å"The Vietnam War, 1964-1969: A Chinese Perspective†. The Journal of Military History, Vol . 60, No. 4, 731-762.

Free Essays on Knightly View

that express yet another refined deed of his knight; by this he recognized the groups’ unity even though they were among different social classes and addresses everyone in his farewell. The knight never boasted about himself nor his battles â€Å"in far Granada at the siege [was he] of Algercias, and in Belmarie. ... Free Essays on Knightly View Free Essays on Knightly View In Geoffrey Chaucer’s medieval poem, The Canterbury Tales, the knight is the first pilgrim described in the General Prologue and the first to proclaim his tale. The Knight’s Tale exquisitely contains enriching language, beautiful imagery, and a â€Å"wealth of description of characterization (Fowler14).† Chaucer’s opinion of the knight is positively supported by the outstandingly worthy and favored qualities that the knight posses. Through the selection of his story, the Knight displays a chivralic and romantic role in the medieval world. Chaucer is also known as the â€Å"father of English poetry†, for who so passionately loved his literature, made his love his work, and his work his last breath. Chaucer’s knight features the finest traits of honesty, loyalty, and generosity. The knight is shown as being handsomely designed and socially prominent, that may hint to Chaucer’s favor of the knight. Every pilgrim was honored to be in the presence of the knight, for they valued so much his humble and wise example. Chaucer’s positive opinion is widely shared and held by many other authors, literary critics, and mostly by the common reader. Even being the highest-ranking layman in the group, and maybe even the farthest traveled, the knight always was polite and mild fashion. The knight’s â€Å"rustic tunic of fustian and his plentiful attired horse (Rossignol198)† symbolized his active role in battle, solely against the heathens, which proves his dedication in fighting for God. When the Knight ends his tale with â€Å"God save al this faire campaignye(Chucer3108)†, that may emphasize Chaucer’s deliberate choice of words that express ye t another refined deed of his knight; by this he recognized the groups’ unity even though they were among different social classes and addresses everyone in his farewell. The knight never boasted about himself nor his battles â€Å"in far Granada at the siege [was he] of Algercias, and in Belmarie. ...

Locking employees into a box you lose thire ablity to become leaders Essay

Locking employees into a box you lose thire ablity to become leaders - Essay Example There is a tendency towards poor performance from workers burdened with negativity (Evans, 2009). Being ridiculed by other members with poor attitudes worsens the situation. It is difficult to work with an ill tempered team member, slowing down processes and results. On the other hand, positively motivated people put more concentration into work resulting in better service and product delivery. Research has shown that workers’ attitudes, moods and emotions determine their levels of job satisfaction. The study found that affective work behaviors and job satisfaction can be explained by employees’ moods and emotions (Wegge et al, 2006). A high level of job satisfaction equals positive attitudes to the job. Employee attitudes and job satisfaction match each other. People who are satisfied with what they do tend to stay longer and unnecessary turnover is avoided. An employer who rewards and encourages positive attributes from employees gains by retaining productive employees. The study also indicated that health complaints were linked to both emotions and job satisfaction to the equivalent degree. A well motivated workforce is, therefore, likely to have less health complications, hence, putting more time into productive work (Wegge et al, 2006). The amount of negative affect experienced at work frequently leads to withdrawal from duty, absenteeism, malicious dama ge and early exit. Therefore, emotions, personalities, attitudes and moods will have both positive and negative effects on a company. The direction it takes will depend on how individuals manage themselves and handle their colleagues. A company can reflect the Benedictine values of responsible stewardship by proactively including departmental employees in planning the day. This will develop the worth of the departmental workload. Employees also get to have a forecast of challenges in advance and prepare to handle them with

Arts in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arts in Education - Essay Example These experiences evolve from the partnership between teachers, artists, educationists and students. This results in a lively and intense educational process of learning through doing. Arts-integrated schools are highly productive and very suitable to low-income struggling students as well. Their results are better. Their students are more attentive, creative and self-critical. Hence, it would be better if the current budgetary allocation for arts-integrated schools is increased according to requirement. This is an abstract of a summary of an article "Arts in Education" written by Nick Rabkin and Robin Redmond in 2006 in the journal Educational Leadership. This article states that arts is proving to be a very effective instrument of education and shaping up of human mind in modern arts-integrated schools. Recent developments in science have shown this through standardized tests, observation and generalization based on objective data. The standardized test scores of low-income struggling students in 23 arts integrated schools in Chicago rose as much as two times faster than scores of youth in traditional schools (Rabkin and Redmond, 2006). It seems, paring of subjects and syllabi with arts such as writing with sketching and painting while reading with looking at arts is working its wonders. Interestingly, pairing between music and maths is also there. It involves listening to a melody, following the notes on a musical staff, counting the number of times each musical note occurs and then putting the results in a graph. Students in arts integrated schools are, therefore, generally focused, attentive and full of excitement for their studies. Their classrooms buzz with intensity. Scientists have found that this is happening because human mind and body form one single cognitive and fully integrated system. Human mind and body represent the abstract thought through metaphors that human beings associate with experience and emotions. Thoughts, as such, occur well below the level of conscious control and awareness. Even logical thinking emerges quietly from this thought process. This is the power of arts - moving from conscious experiments to inner depths of human mind. The scientifically proven power of arts is generally missing in traditional schools. There is little evidence of learning intensity when these schools are observed. Their hallways are replete with posters and notices anent rules of the school. Dominant education policy is evident in the corridors and classrooms. These schools assume that high standards and grades are possible through strict academic regimentation only. Students in traditional schools also appear persistently drooping in their seats with utter boredom towards their studies. They always feel like running away from the school premises. Arts integrated schools are also drawing their strength from involving wider participation of civil society and artists, especially, since the launching of such institutions in United States in 1990. Significant relationship is developed between teachers, artists in different areas of arts,

Organizational effectivenes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational effectivenes - Essay Example This is done by considering resources available to the organization, interests of the organization in business activities and the market segment served by the organization. The market segment is important because it dictates the market share available to the firm and consequently influences resource allocation. The process of resource allocation is the first step among a number of them that lead to the realization of organizational effectiveness. How well available resources are allocated among numerous organizational needs and the extent to which consumer needs are met in that process determines the said effectiveness. Employee-management relationship is another measure of organizational effectiveness. Organizations that foster strong employee-employer relationships have been found to be more efficient that those without strong ties between employees and employers (Rampersad, 2003). In the same regard, an organization that pursues corporate social responsibility is more likely to be more efficient in its business that those which do not. This based on the fact restrained and optimal requirements of performance in order to achieve diversity and dynamism over time require that an organization’s operations and performance be efficient enough. Harley-Davidson is a manufacturing firm that consumers highly value. Its competitors stand challenged by this firm due to its diversity that aims to achieve consumer satisfaction. TPS recommends book keeping and issuance as the principle determinants of the success of an organization. Harley-Davidson adopted this recommendation, becoming one of the most efficient motorcycle and RV manufacturers (Teerlink & Ozley, 2000). Book keeping ensures that all fundamental records that pertain to the manufacturer are made at all levels. On the other hand, issuance enhances business transactions and monitors the overall performance for malpractices. Over and above the above practices, the

Roots of Mccarthyism in the Late 40s and Early 50s Essay Example for Free

Roots of Mccarthyism in the Late 40s and Early 50s Essay Though the Communist Party of the United States (CPUSA) peaked with it’s highest number of members in 1940-1941, with 750,000 members, by this area in time it was looked down upon. It had, earlier in the decade, been a successful agent against fascism and a huge help in the advancement and creation of labor unions, and for that reason people were joining it. However, many people were becoming communists unknowingly just by attending meetings where they were given free food (a big draw to people in an era directly following the Great Depression). In the late 1940’s and early 1950’s American’s were very scared that communism would influence our country. This period of time was referred to as ‘the second red scare’. Americans had seen the way that Russia had been transformed by communism, and did not want their country to undergo the same changes. Communism was a scary concept at the time, and it was something that we as a country definitely did not want any part of. In the late 1930’s, an organization was formed called the House Un-American Activities Community. This community made up of members of the United States House of Representatives, was formed in order to protect Americans against communism influence and was responsible for investigating any allegations that were made about communist activity. Despite this groups efforts the United States was still in heightened fear of Communist overtaking or the possibility of becoming a nation similar to that of Russia’s. Senator Joseph McCarthy was a US senator from Wisconsin during this time period. He served for ten years, from 1947 until his death in 1957. He is most well-known for being particularly paranoid of communist efforts, regularly accusing people of communist behavior when none existed. He accused large amounts of people, mostly government workers, claiming that they were Soviet spies and communist sympathizers. By 1950, the term ‘McCarthyism’ was coined. The term refers to the practice of accusing people of treason, disloyalty, and other related things with no grounds and little or no evidence. The term is still used today and generally refers to political corruption, in which an important political leader makes false accusations about a certain group of people. A few events took place in 1949 and 1950 that spurred McCarthyism and the second red scare to occur. First, the Soviet Union (a very communist-dominated country) tested an atomic bomb in 1949. This was much earlier than Americans had expected them to come out with this technology. At this point, we realized that communist countries were more advanced than we had prior thought. In 1950, the Korean War broke out. The United States, along with the UN and South Korea, battled against communist countries, furthering our hatred and fear towards them. In the meantime, many cases of soviet spies came out. More and more ‘Americans’ were found to actually be spies from Russia and the Soviet Union. As the increase of found spies became more prevalent, people continued to point fingers and adopt an accusatory towards many government officials and become abnormally suspicious. Senator McCarthy made a list of all of the people who he claimed had been involved in communist behavior. This list was called the Black List, and was made up of many writers, artists, government officials, and other people important to society. On February 9, 1950, McCarthy gave a public speech revealing the people on the list. He claimed that 205 people were on this list, but later reduced it to just 57. Though some of the people on the list were in fact engaged in communist behavior, others were simply engaging in lifestyles that McCarthy himself had biases against and lumped into the list. Some of these behaviors included sexual deviance, alcoholism, and political decisions not aligned with McCarthy’s own. After being found to be on McCarthy’s list, the accused were brought to trial and vigorously questioned. The only way that mercy would be shown to them, regardless of guilt or innocence, was to accuse other people. This led to more and more people being accused and convicted unrightfully and unnecessarily. The effect of these trials was detrimental to people in many professions in the public eye. Many entertainers lost their jobs as a result of the public degradation. President Dwight Eisenhower decided to take a stand against McCarthyism when the senator began bringing military men into the accusatory trials. McCarthy publically announced that many members of the United States Army were personally involved in communist activity. Eisenhower was very involved in the military, a graduate of West Point himself, and when McCarthy took steps to slander the Secretary of the Army, he felt that it was the final straw and that steps needed to be taken to stop the epidemic. Also, in bringing in the military to his slanderous accusations, it was at this point that McCarthy lost much of his hype and once popular power. Involving army journalists, Eisenhower ran a story exploiting some of the hidden agendas of McCarthy in December of 1953. In March of 1954, upon Eisenhower’s instructions, vice president Richard Nixon gave a speech indirectly chastising McCarthy. He said, Men who have in the past done effective work exposing Communists in this country have, by reckless talk and questionable methods, made themselves the issue rather than the cause they believe in so deeply,† (Spartacus). Following the presidential lead, many leaders in the press began to fight against McCarthyism. People who had wanted to speak out for a long time but had been too afraid were now gaining confidence to do so and momentum was building. Eventually, McCarthy lost the chairmanship of the Government Committee on Operations of the Senate. Some feel that this marked the end of McCarthyism, and consequently America’s hysterical fear of communism infiltrating the country. However, others feel that this response did not happen as a result of McCarthy’s demotion, and not until the close of the Cold War. While most support was against McCarthyism in this era, there were few supporters and supporting groups of this institution and its suspicious allegations. Many of these supporters came in the form of women only anti-communist groups. Examples of these groups were Minute Women of the USA and American Public Relations Forum. Another group, which was not only for women, was the American Legion. They were well known veteran supporters who also showed much interest in the spread of McCarthyism. While these groups made up a large part of the supporters of the McCarthy sequence, the largest amount of help came in the form of the far-right radicals. They generally opposed international relations, specifically the United Nations, and were even against many of the social welfare programs. Particularly those thought out by the new deal, many of these McCarthyism supporters had a general opposition to programs that fought to reduce â€Å"the inequalities to the social structure of the United States.†

Kellogg company is a strong market leader

Kellogg company is a strong market leader Kellogg Company is a strong market leader in the production of cereal and convenience foods. With 2009 reported earnings of $1.3 billion. The company maintains a leading position in the production of cereal and convenience foods, including cookies, crackers, toaster pastries, cereal bars, fruit-flavored snacks, frozen waffles, and veggie foods. The Companys brands include Kelloggs, Keebler, Pop tarts, Eggo,Cheez-it,Nutri-Grain,Rice Krispies,BearNaked,Morningstar Farms,Famous Amos,Special K,All-Brain,Frosted Mini-Wheats,Club and kasha. Kellogg products are manufactured in 18 countries and marketed in more than 180 countries around the world. Its global headquarters are in Battle Creek,Michigan,USA. Kellogg trades under the ticker symbol NYSE.K This marketing plan is aimed at extending Special K product line, one of the many Kellogg Company brands. Special K Brand under Kelloggs parent company cereal has recorded huge amount of sales since lunch, hence the extension, to maintain the product at a Growth cycle. The Analysis of this report was presented in a SOSTAC framework developed by PR Smith, which detailed why, how, when and where, the product line was to be extended with the view to expand market share and compete favorably in the UK convenience food industry. 2.0 Situational Analysis: Market Summary The value of the UK cereals market is around  £1.1 billion per year. Kellogg has a 42% market share of the value of the UKs breakfast cereal market. Reported earnings for full year 2009 were $1.2 billion, or $3.16 per diluted share, an increase of 6 percent from full-year 2008 of $1.1 billion. The company has developed a range of products for the segments within this market, targeted at all age groups over three years old. As a market leader, it maintains a distinct premium position within the market. This means that it has confidence of its consumers and a large market share. Special K, under the shape management market segment, was introduced in UK, October 1999, it is marketed primarily as a diet aid that can be eaten to help one lose weight and stay fit. It frequently has give-away offers for various health and fitness products and contains dieting information on the back of the box. In the UK, Special K currently comes in ten varieties: Special K Special K Red Berries Special K Purple Berries Special K Peaches Apricots Special K Bliss Creamy Berry Crunch Special K Bliss Strawberry Chocolate Special K Oats Honey Special K Yoghurt Special K Sustain Special K Medley Special K has been a successful Product brand of Kellogg. Applying the product life cycle, it is possible visualize the different stages of the Special K brand. The product life cycle demonstrates the change of product sales over time. Customer Analysis: Special K cereal and bars is for everyone and is being consumed by customers aged 3 and above. The increasing varied customers demands lead to the successful line extensions of the brand. Further to this, are the need for shape management products and the need for these products to address the weight and healthy living issue in UK. Being that Kelloggs company enjoys brand loyalty and economics of scale, Special K No Added Sugar will be added to buying options of existing brand and prospective customers, as a healthy product positioned to satisfy this Shape Managementemerging market segment. It is strategically targeted at the weight conscious consumers. This includes the Obese, overweight, diabetic, athletes and generally for everyone as an aid to keep fit. Competitor Analysis: Kelloggs is the market leader and enjoys a strong position. However, Special K has as its major competitors-ALpen, a product brand of Weetamix Company and Weight Watchers, on the shape management and healthy living cereal and bars market. Applying the porters five forces model, it is possible to analyze Special Ks competitive position EXISTING RIVALRY: Alpen No Added Sugar cereal a product of Weetamix Company Weight Waters no sugar cereal Nestle Whole grain-low fat General Mills Green Giant-no added sugar. New product development Marketing prowess THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS: All existing cereal manufacturers or companies Start up costs Cost advantages Access to distribution channels THREAT OF SUBSTITUES: Low switching costs Available substitutes Product differentiation Industry profits SUPPLIERS: Supplier monopoly High switching costs Unique product Importance of supplier to buyer Forward integration threat CUSTOMERS: Price sensitivity Advanced knowledge and independence of choice Drives demand Own profit potential Associated savings Backward integration threat Marketing Environment: Applying a PESTLE analysis, main points are the socio-cultural, environmental and technological factors. Socio-Cultural Factors: Consumer Orientation/perception: There exists the perception that cereal products and meals are for kids and younger children. This perception has been historically erupted by a social culture that associates babies with cereals. Life Style: The rushed and busy lifestyle of consumers in the Uk, would impact on the consumption of Special K no added sugar cereal. People, especially the students and working class, hardly eat at home, but settle for On-the-go junks foods, coffee and fatty drinks. Shifts to behavior Population demographics Environmental Factors: The need for Environmentally Sustainable business processes from start to finish, which to some extent has cost implication to organizations Green Issues. Technological Environmental Factors: Emergence of new communication channels to reach customers Improved production processes Automation Internal Market Environment Audit: STRENTHS Strong brand/Awareness Market Leader Economics of scale Brand presence and acceptability Premium product Capital Customer loyalty Derived learning curve effect -competitive advantage Product differentiation Quality processes and procedures WEAKNESS Sales driven by promo and pricing OPPORTUNITY Emergent shape management product customer needs. Special K brand, achieved awareness as an advantage Opportunity to re-enforce the growth life cycle of the Special K brand New customers/markets THREATS Competitors Price war with competitors New innovative products 3.0 Objectives: SMART Simple Extending and expanding of Kellogg Special K product line, with the introduction of Special K No Added Sugar Cereal in UK. Measurable To increase market share by 10%, compete favorably in the fast moving cereal and convenient food industry, and ultimately add value to customers and stakeholders. Currently the demand for no sugar added products are on the increase and competition have already launched into this concept. To lunch Special K into the UK market, which is currently Europes largest Kellogg consuming country. Achievable- (Mission) To Lunch Special K No added Sugar cereal in July 2010, in a projected one year period. Realistic The Extending of the Special K line is a realizable goal, owing to the fact that the Product Brand has been very successful since introduction and following the up surge trendy consumption of healthy low calorie, low fat and No sugar food items. This extension is also an innovative plan, in line with Kelloggs corporate company vision and mission of sustainable growth. Targeted Customers: Consumers aged 5 and above. These include individuals-families, Students, Professionals. Especially, dieticians, diabetic, Obese, athletes and young mothers. The Special K No Added Sugar line is a response to emerging customer demand. 3.1 Vision and mission Kellogg Companys Vision and Mission statements define their focus upon sustainable growth, our broadened definition of social responsibility and the true strength of our company our people and our brands. Vision_Mission_Full 4.0 Strategy: The first strategy in line with the product extension is to create customer awareness to this product offer and then develop more customer base. Market Penetration strategy: To penetrate the existing market and gain greater market share, increased brand awareness and boost the Special K product life cycle. Market Development Strategy: To develop the shape management market segment, using the product extension to attract new customer base. E.g customers who do not, consume sugar. Product Development strategy: By the improved recipe,flavor,taste. (No sugar flavor or taste) STP: Segmentation: shape management segments Consumers who want healthy, low fat, sugar free cereals. The value proposition here is the healthy meal offer. Targeting: we are targeting all healthy meal seeking consumers, but with special focus to shape management segments. Positioning: Healthy and Good Healthy and tasty 5.0. TACTICS: The marketing mix exists as a set of controllable tactical tools used to implement the strategy. The 7 Ps marketing mix catalyses the implementation of our strategy. Product: Our extension of Special K range and the addition of the No Sugar flavor is a tactical strategy in line with our mission to capture more markets segments and consolidate our consumer networks. New package will be introduced. Place: We will continue with existing value supply and distribution networks to make this product available to our cherished customers. Special offers will be given the stores that record large distribution. This will further motivate our value channels to get Special k no added Sugar at the market place. Supermarkets, retail stores, convenience stores and Online. Price: Market penetration pricing will be deployed to gain rapid market share, this is because there exists an extensive competition in the market. And the cereal market place is a sensitive one. Promotion: These promotional methods will be adopted to communicate effectively to the consumers- Advertising,sales promotions,direct marketing,ditital marketing and personal selling People: The knowledge marketing team, the IT and Software team, RD team are all involved in co-creating this product. Every member of the organization is a part of this mission in different perspective. They have been updated with product knowledge to impact the customers. ACTIONS PLAN: TASKS Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec BUDGET RESPONSIBILITY STEP 1: PRE LAUNCH  £22,000 Research  £40,000 Research Team Select Advert Agency  £30,000 Marketing Dept Brief Web Designer  £30,000 IT Dept Set Up Database  £50,000 Software Dev. STEP 2: LAUNCH TV Advertising  £300,000 Marketing Dept Billboards  £100,000 Marketing Dept Magazine Inserts  £50,000 Marketing Dept PR/Sales Promotion  £200,000 Marketing Dept Digital Marketing  £250,000 Marketing Dept Step 2 Control: Balance Score Card. The Balanced Scorecard is a strategic planning and management system, used to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications and monitor organizational performance against strategic goals. 7.1 KPIs-Key Performance Indicators: Quality control Financial results Marker research Managing information system Sales analysis Service levels Market share analysis Financial results CRM-New customers acquired, retained Product awareness Competitor performance Benchmarking Profitability ROI Performance appraisal of employees Financial Analysis: Contingency Planning:  £50,000 set aside as financial reserve. Productive capacity reserve Safety measures in place should there be any disaster at promotion sites Etc Critical Reflective Writing: Learning Outcome: The truth is, I never had an idea of the enormous tasks or amount of work involved in marketing planning, from start to finish. Haven worked in banking operations for 4 years; I never saw marketing departmental roles as a challenging one. I will usually think they pretend to be busy when they are actually not, while the operations staffs are the only value adding workforce. The module marketing planning and its matrix, of which I am excited to be able to produce a marketing plan, have not only opened my eyes and mind to wider conceptual, theoretical and practical aspects of marketing. I now appreciate the essence of the existence of different roles and departments in an organization, marketing planning and why it is essential in business-to effectively identify customer needs, create products/market offerings accordingly, in order to maximize revenue, profit, ROI and minimize costs. Marketing planning I now understand, is a multi faceted, cross-functional activity that touches every aspect of the organizational life. I have gained an understanding of how the marketing- mix interact, to facilitate a rational business decision and reduce the complexity of business operations which ultimately adds a dimension of realism to a companys hopes for the future. I will go back into work, with an understanding of the real significance of a strategic planning. I will evidence learning, and make valued revolutionary impacts as a manager and maybe A marketing Manager It will never be business as usual.